English Chinese translation sample-Criticisms of outsourcing 4

（By freelance Chinese translator li – English to Chinese translation or Chinese to English translation services - website localization– based in Harbin，China）

Qualifications of outsourcers（外包企业的资格）
The outsourcer may replace staff with less qualified people or with people with different non-equivalent qualifications.

In the engineering discipline（工程学科） there has been a debate about the number of engineers being produced by the major economies of the United States, India and China. The argument centers around（围绕） the definition of an engineering graduate and also disputed numbers. The closest comparable numbers of annual gradates of four-year degrees（读四年获得的学位） are United States (137,437) India (112,000) and China (351,537).

Productivity
Offshore outsourcing（离岸外包） for the purpose of saving cost can often have a negative influence on the real productivity of a company. Rather than investing in technology to improve productivity, companies gain non-real（非现实的） productivity by hiring fewer people locally and outsourcing work to less productive facilities（效率不高的机构） offshore that appear to be more productive simply because the workers are paid less. Sometimes, this can lead to strange contradictions where workers in a third world country using hand tools（手工工具） can appear to be more productive than a U.S. worker using advanced computer controlled machine tools（电脑控制的机械工具）, simply because their salary appears to be less in terms of U.S. dollars.

In contrast, increases in real productivity are the result of more productive tools（生产工具） or methods of operating（经营手段） that make it possible for a worker to do more work. Non-real productivity gains are the result of shifting work to lower paid workers, often without regards to real productivity. The net result of choosing non-real over real productivity gain is that the company falls behind and obsoletes itself（荒废自己） overtime rather than making investments in real productivity.