English to Chinese translation sample 9:BUSIR

（Edited by freelance Chinese translator li – English to Chinese or Chinese to English translation services）

Source:
BUSIR
Between Giza and Sakkara lies the pyramid field of Abusir. The site was selected by kings of the 5th Dynasty, and should be regarded as a northern projection of the cemetery of Sakkara.
Three partially destroyed pyramids command the landscape. The northernmost, of King Sahure, is particularly interesting on account of the remains of its funerary temple on the east side. Large portions of its basalt paving remain intact, as well as several architectural elements made of Aswan granite. Large inscriptions bearing the royal names were carved into the granite and painted. Wall reliefs of historical and artistic importance were discovered in the temple but were removed by the excavators.

Another monument of interest is the abnormally large mastaba of the Vizier Ptahshepses who was married to a princess. It contains a large columned court with delicate reliefs portraying the vizier. Two stone sarcophagi still occupy the burial chamber. Two granite columns of the "papyrus bundle" type decorate the entrance to the mastaba.

The German and Czech teams which excavated the site discovered important administrative papyri shedding light on routine activities in the local funerary temples. The kings of the 5th Dynasty accorded special emphasis to the cult of the sun gods (Re, Atum, Khepri) and to its main center at Heliopolis (near Cairo). Particularly prominent was the belief that the spirit of a dead king rose to the sky and merged with the sun, father of all kings. Accordingly, special sun temples were constructed at Abu-Ghurob, a few kilometers north of Abusir, for the cult of the solar aspect of the dead kings. The best preserved among the sun temples belonged to Niuserre. Its main feature is a built monument of pyramidal form, called benben, upon whose polished tip the sun was believed to settle every morning. A large alabaster offering table in the shape of four hieroglyphic signs, hetep (="offerings"), was placed in a large court, opposite the benben. Blood offerings were poured into long channels set upon the paving, and flowed into large alabaster basins.

Rare reliefs representing the seasons of the year decorated the walls of an adjacent cult chamber.

Mastaba of Vizier Ptahshepses at Abusir. The sumptuous pillared court is unusual for a mastaba as are many more features in this monument.
Above: Granite cylindrical columns bear the names of King Sahure (5th Dyn.). They bore palmiform capitals and decorated the pyramid temple of the king. Below. Basalt paving and structural remains of the pyramid temple of Sahure. The pyramids of Abusir (all 5th Dyn.) in the background, are badly preserved.

Opposite: Solar temple of King Nyuserre (5th Dyn.) at
Abu-Ghurob, near Abusir.
Above left: Panoramic view to the east from the top of the
podium (see reconstruction). The pyramids of Abusir can be
seen in the distance.
Above right: The alabaster altar to the sun-god is shown in
detail. The temple was connected by a steep causeway to a
valley temple. The top stage of the benben (the obelisk) has
been destroyed. It served to catch the early rays of the sun
and create the illusion that the sun was manifest in its
temple.
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SOLAR TEMPLE OF KING NYUSERRE (5TH DYN.) AT ABU-GHUROB, NEAR ABUSIR


Target:
布瑟尔
布瑟尔的金字塔群位于吉萨和萨卡拉之间。 选址由第五王朝的法老们指定，可以看作萨卡拉墓地的延伸。
包括三个有些破损的金字塔。 最北面的是法老萨胡雷的金字塔，在它的东边是葬礼神殿的残迹，显得格外突出。 大部分玄武岩路面和零星的阿斯旺花岗岩建筑都完好无损。 花岗岩和彩绘上雕刻着巨大的题字，并刻有皇室成员的名字。 神殿中还发现具有历史和艺术价值的墙壁浮雕，但是已经被挖掘者移走了。

另外一个有趣的遗址是元老布塔士匹斯（他娶了一位皇室公主）的巨型石室坟墓。 内部有一个非常宽敞的墓室，耸立着圆形石柱，墙壁上刻着精美的布塔士匹斯浮雕。 两座石棺仍然摆放在安葬厅里。 墓室门口耸立着两根“纸草捆”形状的花岗岩石柱。

发掘金字塔群的德国和捷克小组发现，用莎草纸书写的管理文献清晰地阐释了在当地的葬礼神殿中所进行的日常活动。 第五王朝的法老们都非常看重对太阳神（拉、阿图姆、 凯普里）的祭拜和位于赫利布里斯（开罗附近）的祭拜中心。 特别值得一提的是古埃及人的信仰，死去法老的灵魂会生上天空与太阳融为一体，而太阳则被认为是万王之父。 于是为了祭拜死去的法老，人们在布瑟尔以北几公里的阿布-弗洛布，修建了专门的太阳神殿。 保存最完好的当属纽塞拉神殿。 它最主要的特点是一个锥形的标石，叫做本本石，人们相信每天清晨太阳都会在光亮的方尖上停留。 在本本石对面一片开阔地上，摆放着四个象形符号形状的雪花石膏祭坛，意为海泰普(=“祭品”)。 血祭品被倒入石板路旁的石渠中，然后流入巨大的雪花石膏盆。
附近祭拜厅的墙面上装饰有代表四季的珍贵浮雕。

布瑟尔元老布塔士匹斯的石室坟墓。 耸立着圆形石柱的奢华墓室，还有众多其它特征，对于一个石室坟墓来说都是极不寻常的。

上方：花岗岩石柱上刻着法老萨胡雷的名字（第五王朝）。 还刻有掌形的大写字母，装点着法老的金字塔神殿。 下方： 玄武岩路面和萨胡雷金字塔神殿的残迹。 其背后的布瑟尔（第五王朝）金字塔已遭破坏。

对面：法老纽塞拉（第五王朝）的太阳神殿位于
布瑟尔附近的阿布-弗洛布。
左上方：站在墩座墙上（已重建），可以看到东面的全景。
远处可以看到布瑟尔的金字塔。

右上方：可以清晰看到供奉太阳神的雪花石膏祭坛。
这个神殿通过一段陡峭的坡路与山谷里的神殿相连。
本本石（方尖石塔）的顶部已遭破坏。
人们用它来捕捉清晨第一缕阳光，感觉此时太阳就显现在神殿中。


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位于布瑟尔附近阿布-弗洛布的法老纽塞拉（第五王朝）太阳神殿