IAS 17 Leases

（Edited by freelance Chinese translator li – English to Chinese translation or Chinese to English translation services- financial translation）

IAS 17 Leases（租赁）

The objective of this Standard is to prescribe, for lessees（承租人） and lessors（出租人）, the appropriate accounting policies and disclosure to apply in relation to leases.

The classification of leases adopted in this Standard is based on the extent to which risks and rewards incidental（同时；相伴；一同） to ownership of a leased asset lie with the lessor or the lessee.

A lease is classified as a finance lease（融资租赁） if it transfers substantially all the risks and rewards（风险与收益） incidental to ownership. A lease is classified as an operating lease（经营租赁） if it does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership.

Leases in the financial statements of lessees

Operating Leases

Lease payments under an operating lease shall be recognised as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless another systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern of the user’s benefit.

Finance Leases

At the commencement of the lease term, lessees shall recognise finance leases as assets and liabilities in their balance sheets at amounts equal to the fair value of the leased property or, if lower, the present value of the minimum lease payments, each determined at the inception of the lease. The discount rate to be used in calculating the present value of the minimum lease payments is the interest rate implicit in the lease, if this is practicable to determine; if not, the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate shall be used. Any initial direct costs of the lessee are added to the amount recognised as an asset.

Minimum lease payments shall be apportioned between the finance charge and the reduction of the outstanding liability（未偿债务）. The finance charge（财务费用） shall be allocated to each period during the lease term so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Contingent rents shall be charged as expenses in the periods in which they are incurred.

A finance lease gives rise to depreciation expense for depreciable assets as well as finance expense for each accounting period. The depreciation policy for depreciable leased assets shall be consistent with that for depreciable assets that are owned, and the depreciation recognised shall be calculated in accordance with IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment and IAS 38 Intangible Assets（固定资产）. If there is no reasonable certainty that the lessee will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term（租赁期满）, the asset shall be fully depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and its useful life.

Leases in the financial statements of lessors

Operating Leases

Lessors shall present assets subject to operating leases in their balance sheets according to the nature of the asset. The depreciation policy for depreciable leased assets shall be consistent with the lessor’s normal depreciation policy for similar assets, and depreciation shall be calculated in accordance with IAS 16 and IAS 38. Lease income（租赁收入） from operating leases shall be recognised in income on a straight-line basis（直线法） over the lease term, unless another systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which use benefit derived from the leased asset is diminished

Finance Leases

Lessors shall recognise assets held under a finance lease in their balance sheets and present them as a receivable（应收款项） at an amount equal to the net investment in the lease. The recognition of finance income shall be based on a pattern reflecting a constant periodic rate of return on the lessor’s net investment in the finance lease.

Manufacturer or dealer lessors shall recognise selling profit or loss in the period, in accordance with the policy followed by the entity for outright sales（直接销售）. If artificially（人为的） low rates of interest are quoted, selling profit shall be restricted to that which would apply if a market rate of interest were charged. Costs incurred by manufacturer or dealer lessors in connection with negotiating and arranging a lease shall be recognised as an expense when the selling profit is recognised.

Sale and leaseback（回租） transactions

A sale and leaseback transaction involves the sale of an asset and the leasing back of the same asset. The lease payment and the sale price are usually interdependent because they are negotiated as a package. The accounting treatment of a sale and leaseback transaction depends upon the type of lease involved.